Mark Twain (1835 - 1910), dont le véritable nom est Samuel Langhorne Clemens, est né dans la Missouri. Orphelin de père à l'âge de douze ans, il exerce plusieurs métiers : typographe, rédacteur dans un journal, pilote de bateau à vapeur sur le Mississipi. Ne voulant pas se battre au côté des sudistes pour le maintien de l'esclavage, il s'enfuit vers les montagnes du Névada et devient chercheur d'or. A partir de 1864, il exerce l'activité de reporter à San Francisco et se déplace en Europe en tant que correspondant de presse. Romancier, humoriste et essayiste, il décrira avec réalisme et sévérité la société américaine.
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) was a famed abolitionist and author. In 1851, she received $400 (a great sum in her day) for a serialized version of her novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, which went on to be the bestselling novel of the 19th century and the second most-sold book, behind The Bible. The novel's portrayal of slavery is credited as a catalyst for the slavery debate in the years preceding the Civil War.
Born in Nigeria in 1745, Olaudah Equiano was a well-known African abolitionist. Equiano was shipped to the West Indies as a child-slave, and then to England where he was purchased by Lieutenant Michael Pascal and trained as a seaman before serving in The Seven Years’ War. At the conclusion of hostilities, Pascal did not free Equiano as promised, but instead sold him to Captain James Doran who then sold Equiano to James King, a merchant from Philadelphia. In 1765, King let Equiano purchase his freedom for forty pounds, and helped him earn money in his stead as a merchant. Now a free man, Equiano returned to London where he made significant contributions to the abolitionist movement, and published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, which influenced the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Equiano is believed to have died in 1797 at the age of 52.
Sojourner Truth, born into slavery in the late 1790s as Isabella Baumfree, was the first African-American woman to win a court case when she reclaimed her son from the man who sold him back into slavery after his emancipation. After changing her name, Truth travelled as a Methodist preacher and spoke out regularly on behalf of the abolitionist cause. In 1851, at the Ohio’s Women Rights Convention, Truth delivered her most well-known speech “Ain’t I a Woman?” During her lifetime, Truth spoke out about many causes, including women’s suffrage, prison reform, property rights for former slaves, and she encouraged African-Americans to enlist in the Union Army. Her activism led her to make connections with many of her contemporary abolitionists such as Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frances Gage. In 1850, Truth’s dictated her memoir, The Narrative of Sojourner Truth, to her friend Olive Gilbert and the title was soon met with acclaim by abolitionist readers and supporters. Truth died in 1883 and was buried alongside her family in Battle Creek, Michigan.
Stephen Smith , ancien responsable du service "Afrique" à Libération et au Monde. Depuis 2005 il est journaliste indépendant.
Título : Living to Tell the Horrid Tales: True Life Stories of Fomer Slaves, Historical Documents & Novels
EAN : 4066339579323
Editorial : e-artnow
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