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De Charles W. Eliot , Golden Deer Classics

John Milton

John Milton (1608‚Äì1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), written in blank verse. Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day.

, John Milton

Plato

"Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. Those who wish to sing always find a song. At the touch of a lover, everyone becomes a poet.""Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.""We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.""Only the dead have seen the end of war."Plato

, Plato

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was a writer, inventor, political theorist, diplomat, and Founding Father of the United States. He wrote under the pen name of Poor Richard from 1732 to 1757.

, Benjamin Franklin

Adam Smith

Adam Smith FRSE (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. - July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. He is also the founder of economics. One of the key figures of the intellectual movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment, he is known primarily as the author of two treatises: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter was one of the earliest attempts to systematically study the historical development of industry and commerce in Europe, as well as a sustained attack on the doctrines of mercantilism. Smith's work helped to create the modern academic discipline of economics and provided one of the best-known intellectual rationales for free trade, capitalism, and libertarianism. Adam Smith is now depicted on the back of the Bank of England £20 note. The productivity of free exchange: Smith showed that this vast 'mercantilist' edifice was folly. He argued that in a free exchange, both sides became better off. Quite simply, nobody would trade if they expected to lose from it. The buyer profits, just as the seller does. Imports are just as valuable to us as our exports are to others. Because trade benefits both sides, said Smith, it increases our prosperity just as surely as do agriculture or manufacture. A nation's wealth is not the quantity of gold and silver in its vaults, but the total of its production and commerce - what today we would call gross national product. The Wealth of Nations deeply influenced the politicians of the time and provided the intellectual foundation of the great nineteenth-century era of free trade and economic expansion. Even today the common sense of free trade is accepted worldwide, whatever the practical difficulties of achieving it. Social order based on freedom: Smith had a radical, fresh understanding of how human societies actually work. He realised that social harmony would emerge naturally as human beings struggled to find ways to live and work with each other. Freedom and self-interest need not produce chaos, but - as if guided by an 'invisible hand' - order and concord. And as people struck bargains with each other, the nation's resources would be drawn automatically to the ends and purposes that people valued most highly. So a prospering social order did not need to be controlled by kings and ministers. It would grow, organically, as a product of human nature. It would grow best in an open, competitive marketplace, with free exchange and without coercion. The Wealth Of Nations was therefore not just a study of economics but a survey of human social psychology: about life, welfare, political institutions, the law, and morality. The psychology of ethics: It was not The Wealth Of Nations which first made Smith's reputation, but a book on ethics, The Theory Of Moral Sentiments. Once again, Smith looks to social psychology to discover the foundation of human morality. Human beings have a natural 'sympathy' for others. That enables them to understand how to moderate their behaviour and preserve harmony. And this is the basis of our moral ideas and moral actions.

, Adam Smith

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin was born on 12th February 1809. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University for two years before going up to Christ's College Cambridge. Between 1831 and 1836 he sailed on the survey ship HMS Beagle, and the subsequent Journal of the Voyages of the Beagle brought him some fame and repute as a popular author. In 1859 Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which went through six editions, each noticeably revised. These were followed in 1871 by The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex in which he first fully applied his ideas of evolution to the human species. As well as the works directly related to the subject of evolution, Darwin published on subjects such as botany, ecology, the geology of South America, the expression of emotions in animals and man, and the comparative study of barnacles. Darwin had fathered ten children with his wife Emma, though three had died in infancy or childhood, and he himself died on 19th April 1882. He was buried, after some controversy, in Westminster Abbey.

, Charles Darwin

Miguel De Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes was born on September 29, 1547, in Alcala de Henares, Spain. At twenty-three he enlisted in the Spanish militia and in 1571 fought against the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto, where a gunshot wound permanently crippled his left hand. He spent four more years at sea and then another five as a slave after being captured by Barbary pirates. Ransomed by his family, he returned to Madrid but his disability hampered him; it was in debtor's prison that he began to write Don Quixote. Cervantes wrote many other works, including poems and plays, but he remains best known as the author of Don Quixote. He died on April 23, 1616.

, Miguel De Cervantes

Virgil

Publius Vergilius Maro – or Virgil – was born near Mantua in 70 BC and was brought up there, although he attended schools in Cremona and Rome. Virgil’s rural upbringing and his affinity with the countryside are evident in his earliest work, the Eclogues, a collection of ten pastoral poems. As an adult Virgil lived mostly in Naples, although he spent time in Rome and belonged to the circle of influential poets that included Horace. He also had connections to leading men within the senatorial class and to the Emperor Augustus himself. Following the Eclogues, Virgil wrote the Georgics, a didactic poem, and thereafter began his longest and most ambitious work, the Aeneid. He died in Brindisi in 19 BC.

, Virgil

Anonymous

DUCHESS GOLDBLATT, 81, is the inspirational author of An Axe to Grind; Feasting on the Carcasses of My Enemies: A Love Story; and the heartwarming meditation on mothers and daughters Not If I Kill You First. A cultural icon, trophy ex-wife, friend to all humanity, and sponsor of the prestigious Goldblatt Prize in Fiction, she lives in Crooked Path, NY. She’s fictional but her love is real.

ANONYMOUS, the real-life person in whose mind Duchess Goldblatt lives and flourishes, has gathered all available truth and beauty for these pages. There’s nothing else to give.

, Anonymous , Grimm Brothers

Hans Christian Andersen

Hans Christian Andersen est né à Odense, au Danemark, en 1805. Sa famille vit alors dans le plus grand dénuement. Il apprend à lire à l'école des pauvres de l'hospice d'Odense. Très jeune, il est employé dans des manufactures de drap et de tabac. En 1819, il part à Copenhague tenter sa chance. Il mène tout d'abord une vie de bohème et de misère puis rencontre des amis influents qui lui permettront d'obtenir une bourse pour étudier à l'université. Il publie ses premiers poèmes et commence à voyager : Allemagne, Suisse, France, Italie… De là naîtront ses premiers contes. Il fera ensuite paraître régulièrement ses recueils qui remporteront toujours un vif succès. Dans l'Europe entière, qu'il parcourt inlassablement, il est fêté et sollicité. Il meurt en 1875 à Copenhague. Son nom, comme celui des frères Grimm, est devenu synonyme de contes.

, Hans Christian Andersen

Oliver Goldsmith

Oliver Goldsmith est un romancier, poète, dramaturge et essayiste anglais d'origine irlandaise. Il fonde la revue L'Abeille en 1759. Membre fondateur du Club (1765) de Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith publie Le Voyageur (1764), poème qui le rend assez célèbre pour qu'il puisse faire paraître un roman écrit en 1761-1762, Le Ministre de Wakefield son chef-d'œuvre.

, Oliver Goldsmith

Dante Alighieri

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), a major Italian poet of the late Middle Ages, has been called the father of the Italian language. His classic masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is widely considered to be the greatest literary work ever composed in Italian, and his writing has inspired a wide range of artists including sculptor Auguste Rodin, composer Franz Liszt, and numerous authors, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, and T.S. Eliot.

, Dante Alighieri

Pierre Corneille

Né en 1606 à Rouen dans une famille de moyenne bourgeoisie, Corneille connaît très tôt le besoin impérieux d'ascension sociale. En effet, passionnément épris de la jeune Catherine Hue, il ne peut l'épouser faute d'une dignité suffisante. Deux offices achetés en 1628 font de lui un avocat chargé de défendre les intérêts du roi et qui pourrait en être récompensé par l'anoblissement. Mais c'est grâce au succès du Cid que Corneille reçoit en 1637 son quartier de noblesse. En 1641, Richelieu intervient pour favoriser son mariage avec une jeune aristocrate, Marie de Lampérière. Mais, en 1664, Louis XIV révoque les lettres de noblesse accordées depuis 1630. Et ce n'est qu'en 1669 que Corneille obtient enfin confirmation de son anoblissement. Corneille se montre un homme à la piété réelle mais jamais puritaine. Chez les jésuites où il est élevé, il apprend à écrire les vers latins dont le rythme se retrouve parfois dans ses tragédies. C'est là également qu'il découvre le théâtre car les jésuites faisaient fréquemment jouer des pièces à leurs élèves. Son goût profond de la liberté vis à vis de toutes les règles théâtrales et la souveraineté de ses personnages sont hérités de la morale moliniste, morale de la volonté individuelle, en opposition au modèle janséniste de la grâce. Cette liberté d'esprit l'oppose aux tenants de la bienséance et le pousse à condamner les menaces rigoristes contre le théâtre d'un Nicole ou d'un Bossuet. Il a des amis libertins mais ne rejoint jamais le cercle des libres penseurs, trop respectueux pour cela des valeurs chrétiennes et du pouvoir royal. Toute sa vie, Corneille mène une double carrière d'avocat et d'auteur dramatique. En quarante-cinq ans d'une carrière théâtrale commencée brillamment à 23 ans, il écrit plus de 30 pièces et connaît sous Louis XIII et la Régence une gloire que le règne de Louis XIV va progressivement ternir. Richelieu le protège, lui accorde une pension, prend sa défense dans la querelle du Cid, et l'anoblit. Toujours fidèle à l'autorité royale, au moment de la Fronde, Corneille remplace au pied levé le procureur de Normandie, passé du côté des frondeurs, tout en manifestant dans Nicomède sa sympathie pour Condé. Mazarin et les princes révoltés se montrent tout aussi peu reconnaissants à son égard. Il se retire alors du monde théâtral pour traduire L'Imitation de Jésus-Christ. Grâce à quelques mécènes protecteurs, dont Fouquet, il revient à la scène pour connaître quelques années d'apogée: une édition in-folio (format réservé aux Anciens) de ses oeuvres paraît en 1664, manifestant sa consécration. Louis XIV le dote, comme tous les gens de lettres, en 1663 mais oublie de lui verser sa pension. Le roi espère par sa politique de mécénat inféoder les auteurs, mais Corneille est trop indépendant et trop peu à la mode pour demeurer un phare à la cour du Roi-Soleil. Bientôt on lui préfère Racine et on ne le reconnaît plus que comme le "vieux Corneille", auteur vénérable mais tombé en désuétude. Il meurt en 1684 à l'âge de 78 ans.

, Pierre Corneille

Jean Racine

1639 - 1699. Orphelin, il est recueilli par les religieuses de Port-Royal, où il reçoit une éducation janséniste. Après avoir tenté de concilier ses aspirations littéraires avec la carrière ecclésiastique, il se consacre au théâtre. Il fait jouer la Thébaïde (1664), puis Alexandre le Grand (1665), mais c'est le succès de la tragédie Andromaque (1667) qui assure sa réputation. Il donne ensuite Britannicus (1669), Bérénice (1670), Bajazet (1672), Mithridate (1673), Iphigénie en Aulide (1674), Phèdre (1677). Nommé historiographe du roi, réconcilié avec les jansénistes, il renonce alors au théâtre. Mais, à la demande de Mme de Maintenon, il écrit encore pour les élèves de Saint-Cyr les tragédies bibliques Esther (1689) et Athalie (1691). Le théâtre de Racine peint la passion comme une force fatale, qui détruit celui qui en est possédé. Réalisant l'idéal de la tragédie classique, il présente une action simple, claire, dont les péripéties naissent de la passion même des personnages. Racine a aussi écrit une comédie, les Plaideurs (1668), spirituelle critique des moeurs judiciaires. (Académie française.)

, Jean Racine

Molière

Auteur, comédien, chef de troupe, Molière (1622-1673) incarne le type même de l’homme de théâtre, engagé dans son art et dans la société de son temps, et faisant œuvre pour les siècles à venir.

, Molière

Michel De Montaigne

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne wurde am 28. Februar 1533 auf Schloss Montaigne im Périgord geboren und verstarb am 13. September 1592 ebenda. Er war war Jurist und Philosoph und gilt als Begründer der Essayistik.

, Michel De Montaigne

Voltaire

Né le 21 novembre 1694 et mort le 30 mai 1778 à Paris, Voltaire est écrivain et philosophe illustre du XVIIIe siècle. Symbole des Lumières et chef de file du parti philosophique il lutte contre « l’infâme », nom qu’il donne au fanatisme religieux, pour le progrès et la tolérance. De sa considérable carrière d’écrivain, on lui prête surtout ses écrits philosophiques, Candide ou L’optimisme est son œuvre la plus célèbre. Des poèmes officiels lui permettent d'entrer à l'Académie Française et à la Cour comme historiographe du roi en 1746. Voltaire est également une figure marquante de la vie politique du XVIIIème siècle, considéré comme un précurseur de la Révolution française, il entre au Panthéon en 1791. Jamais écrivain n’aura autant lutté pour la défense de la libre expression, au prix d’exils en Angleterre, en Prusse et en Suisse et de nombreuses publications anonymes.

, Voltaire

Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò Machiavelli was born on 3 May 1469 in Florence during the city-state's peak of greatness under the Medici family. In 1494, the year the Medici were exiled, Machiavelli entered Florentine public service. In 1498 he was appointed Chancellor and Secretary to the Second Chancery. Serving as a diplomat for the republic, Machiavelli was an emissary to some of the most distinguished people of the age. When the Medici were returned to Florence in 1512, Machiavelli was forced into retirement. In the years that followed he devoted himself to literature, producing not only his most famous work, The Prince, but also the Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius (First Decade here means First Ten Books), his Art of War and The History of Florence. In 1527 the Medici were once again expelled from Florence, but before Machiavelli was able once again to secure political office in the city he died on 22 June 1527.

, Niccolò Machiavelli

Confucius

Confucius (551–479 BCE) was born into a noble family in the Chinese state of Lu. His father died when he was very young and the family fell into poverty. Confucius resigned from a political career and then travelled for many years, searching for a province willing to adopt his ideas. Unsuccessful, he returned to Lu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the world.

, Confucius

William SHAKESPEARE

William Shakespeare war ein englischer Schauspieler und Dramatiker. Geboren Anfang 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, verstarb er am 3. Mai 1616 ebenda.

, William SHAKESPEARE y Eireann Press

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Compiled and Edited by Charles W. Eliot LL D in 1909, the Harvard Classics is a 51-volume Anthology of classic literature from throughout the history of western civilization. The set is sometimes called "Eliot's Five-Foot Shelf." This e-book is all 51 volumes, the equivalent of over 20,000 printed pages in one e-book. It is fully searchable with a completely linked table of contents.

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Título : The Harvard Classics & Fiction Collection [180 Books]
EAN : 9782377938834
Editorial : Arthur Wallens

Fecha de publicación : 24/11/17
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The Harvard Classics & Fiction Collection [180 Books] - formato ePub

John Milton

Plato

Benjamin Franklin

Adam Smith

Charles Darwin

Miguel De Cervantes

Virgil

Anonymous

Hans Christian Andersen

Oliver Goldsmith

Dante Alighieri

Pierre Corneille

Jean Racine

Molière

Michel De Montaigne

Voltaire

Niccolò Machiavelli

Confucius

William SHAKESPEARE

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