Ludger Müller-Wille is a retired professor of Geography/Northern Studies at McGill University and has studied ethnicity and human-environmental relations in the arctic and subarctic among Sámi and Finns (Sápmi/Finland), Inuit, Dene and Naskapi (Canada). Since the mid 60s, he has conducted research in cultural anthropology, geography and toponymy in subarctic Fenno-Scandia (Sápmi, Finland and Norway) with Sámi and Finns and in subarctic and arctic Canada (Nunavut, Nunavik, Northern Saskatchewan and Québec) with Inuit, Dene, Naskapi and Cree, supported by German, Finnish, Canadian and European Union funding institutions. Other projects concerned the history of arctic anthropology and geography focussing on Franz Boas and his contributions