Miguel de Castanhoso was a 16th-century Portuguese soldier and chronicler, best known for his detailed account of the Portuguese expedition to Abyssinia from 1541 to 1543. Little information is available about Castanhoso's personal life, but his main work offers a valuable insight into his experience and observations. As a member of the expedition led by Cristóvão da Gama, Castanhoso played an active role in the events he describes. His account, based on first-hand observations, is considered one of the most reliable sources on this military campaign and the interactions between the Portuguese and the Ethiopians. Castanhoso demonstrates in his work an attention to detail and an ability to capture both the military and cultural aspects of the expedition. His descriptions of the battles, military strategies and alliances forged on the ground are remarkably accurate, offering historians an invaluable source for understanding this complex period. His work is also notable for its exploration of intercultural encounters. Castanhoso describes Ethiopian customs and traditions with interest and respect, contributing to a better mutual understanding between the two cultures. These ethnographic observations make his account a document of great historical and anthropological value. Miguel de Castanhoso left a lasting legacy through his testimony, shedding light on a key episode in the history of relations between Europe and Africa. His account of the Portuguese expedition to Abyssinia remains an essential reference for researchers and enthusiasts of military and intercultural history.